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Large-Scale Architecture
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A short-link service caches destinations for an hour, but owners can change destinations immediately. Redirect correctness matters more than a brief miss. What must a cache design include?
AAn hour-long TTL treated as equivalent to immediate consistency.
BA permanent redirect cached by browsers with no revision mechanism.
CA defined invalidation/version policy that covers destination changes.
DA cache key containing only the request's arrival timestamp.
A notification platform sends email, push and SMS. The SMS provider is slow. Which design protects email and push throughput?
AIndependent channel queues and bounded worker/resource budgets.
BOne shared FIFO processed synchronously through every provider.
COne shared unbounded thread pool for all provider calls.
DA global retry loop that pauses all channels until SMS recovers.
An order and its line items are usually updated atomically. Which placement minimizes distributed transaction work for this access pattern?
ACo-locate them by a stable order ownership key.
BShard line items by product ID while orders are sharded by order ID.
CHash each line item independently of its parent order.
DShard each line item by its creation timestamp independently of its order.
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